Size reduction of a conical horn antenna loaded by multi‐layer metamaterial lens

In this paper, a conical horn antenna in the presence of metamaterial lens X-band is introduced and fabricated. The annular located at aperture shortened antenna, whose length half corresponding optimum horn. phase velocity more than along axis for same propagation distance, so distribution uniform gain increases. Metamaterial cells are designed form printed circuit board that have easy to build suitable cost. design process based on how waves incident proposed cell, finally, by using particle swarm optimisation (PSO) algorithm proper radiation characteristics desired frequency range can be achieved. an with similar band. difference weight volume these antennas reduced, they better performance satellite radar systems.